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According to a recent report by the US [Advanced Materials and Process Technology" magazine, the larger astronomical telescope project jointly developed by the United States, Italy, and Germany uses nickel-aluminum-silicon-alloyed materials to make lenses more clearly visible. The application of optical and Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Precision Engineering provided this report. The new aluminum-silicon alloys are designed to meet the thermal expansion coefficient of nickel and can be used to fabricate very stable lightweight structures. The use of such nickel-aluminum-silicon alloys to manufacture Lasso lenses is the last application and innovation of optical components. The two lenses have a diameter of 8 meters and a resolution of 23 meters.

Application of Zinc-Nickel Alloy Technology in Long-term Anticorrosion of Coal Mine Fasteners Yi Chunlong, Ou Xuemei, Tang Dafang (China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China) The systematic study on the properties of zinc-nickel alloy coatings. 1Overview the poor underground coal mine environment, complex water quality components, accompanied by sulfur dioxide Application of Zinc-Nickel Alloy Technology in Long-term Anticorrosion of Coal Mine Fasteners Yi Chunlong, Ou Xuemei, Tang Dafang (China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China) The systematic study on the properties of zinc-nickel alloy coatings. 1 Overview The underground coal mine environment is harsh, the water quality is complex, and it is accompanied by various harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide. The fasteners in the mine are in a humid and corrosive environment for many years. The traditional methods of anti-corrosion fasteners such as galvanizing are used underground for 1 year. The left and right will rust and bite. With the successful application of long-lasting anti-corrosion technology of arc spraying on wellbore equipment, the long-term anti-corrosion problem of coal mine fasteners has become increasingly prominent, and the protection technology of fasteners has also put forward higher requirements. At present, most of the protective treatment of fasteners adopts traditional processes such as galvanizing and hot-dip galvanizing. In the harsh environment, the corrosion resistance cannot meet the requirements. In severe cases, even corrosion leads to early failure and causes a safety accident. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the corrosion protection technology of fasteners. (3) It is applied to the coal mine auxiliary wellhead yard, and replaces the manual cart with machinery to reduce the labor intensity. It can save 2 cart workers per shift, save the auxiliary operation time of the transfer operation, and improve the operation management and maintenance conditions. (4) It can be used in the auxiliary shaft wellsite to be equipped with other equipment (: i99911, responsible editor: Wang Zongqi) ) the overall downhole requirements, with the characteristics of China's coal mines. The turntable can enter the car in one direction, get out in two directions, or enter the car in two directions, and the requirements for getting out in one direction. Depending on the requirements of the site layout, the drive unit of the design is below, and the drive unit can also be placed on top. 3 The continuity of the equipment's advanced nature. The mine car electric turntable makes the mine car run continuously when it is turning. Therefore, the mine car has a large passing capacity when turning, which shortens the cycle time of the mine car. The 5t mine car can be transferred by the same equipment, which can greatly reduce the design work and other auxiliary workload. Reduce processing costs, facilitate equipment generalization, standardization and scientific management. It is easy to apply microcomputer monitoring, realize mechanization, automatic management, and improve labor productivity. It can be used in the underground horizontal parking lot of coal mines, which can reduce the length of the roadway by more than 100m and save construction funds. The electric shaft carousel is used in the auxiliary shaft of the auxiliary shaft, which can reduce the floor space in the industrial square ring yard. This is especially important in the case of a limited range of industrial coal pillars. The electric shaft carousel is used in the auxiliary shaft circulation yard to make the mine car not out of the wellhead and solve the problem of the frozen bottom in the alpine region. Reducing the construction area and building volume of the wellhead housing is conducive to wellhead insulation. The chief engineer of the project supervision, published many papers. The amount of increase and increase of g plus 2 fasteners common anti-corrosion method comparison 21 electro-galvanized fastener zinc plating layer in coal mine environment anti-corrosion life is only 1 ~ 2 years. Although electro-galvanized has anti-corrosion effect on steel components, and it is still widely used today, with the continuous improvement of anti-corrosion requirements in the use environment, electro-galvanizing can no longer meet the needs. The hot-dip galvanizing hot-dip galvanizing coating is thicker than electro-galvanized, and its corrosion resistance is higher than that of electro-galvanized. However, for fastener parts, the thickness of the coating cannot be increased infinitely due to the tolerance of the thread. Secondly, there is no chromate passivation film on the hot-dip galvanized surface, so that the corrosion-resistant life of the fastener parts using hot-dip galvanizing anti-corrosion is also short. Hot-dip galvanizing for fastener anti-corrosion also increases the complexity of the process: firstly, the fastener thread must have sufficient negative tolerance; secondly, because the immersion coating fills the thread, the threaded part needs to be threaded. It is also inevitable that the local zinc layer is removed and the substrate is exposed, resulting in failure of the local corrosion protection. The temperature of hot-dip galvanizing is above 300 °C. For some heat-treated parts, the material properties may change, resulting in changes in mechanical properties and affecting the use. The formation principle of 23 Dacromet coating Dacromet coating is to dip the workpiece and bake at 300 °C to form a coating. It is a cathodic coating, which can resist neutral salt spray for more than 480h, and has good corrosion resistance. However, the Dacromet coating has a low hardness, and the Dacromet fastener is liable to cause coating scratches when colliding or screwing, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. The Dacromet coating formation process requires that the workpiece be baked multiple times, which may cause changes in the mechanical properties of the part. Dacromet coating production equipment has a large investment and high processing cost. With the development of industrial technology, the requirements for anti-corrosion technology and anti-corrosion coatings have been continuously improved. Zinc-nickel alloy coatings have begun to be applied. The zinc-nickel alloy coating features: zinc-nickel alloy (color blunt) coating has good corrosion resistance and is an anode long-lasting anti-corrosion coating. The thickness of the coating is within the tolerance of the thread and the corrosion life can be doubled without changing the processing conditions of the fastener. It has a certain wear resistance and hardness is higher than other anti-corrosion methods, so as to avoid damage to the plating layer when the thread is repeatedly unscrewed. The coating has good thermal shock resistance, does not produce hydrogen embrittlement, and does not change the mechanical properties of the material. The process is simple, the operation control is accurate, and the production cost is low. 3 Zinc-nickel alloy electrodeposition process 31 The formation of zinc-nickel alloy plating layer is formed by electroplating of zinc salt, nickel salt, conductive salt and additives. Abnormal co-deposition at the same polarization potential is a single C-phase zinc-nickel alloy coating. After passivation treatment, a highly corrosion-resistant zinc-nickel alloy plating layer is obtained. In order to meet different corrosion resistance and appearance requirements, a zinc-nickel alloy coating which is passivated by color, white or black can be obtained. 32 electrodeposition process pretreatment y degreasing + cleaning y derusting y cleaning y activation + water washing y electroplating zinc nickel alloy three-stage countercurrent rinsing y passivation y washing y dry y test y classification packaging. 33 plating solution and process conditions plating solution and process conditions are shown in Table 1. Table 1 plating solution and process conditions items color, white passivated black, white passivated conductive salt / gL-1 coating content /% remaining Zn coating thickness / Lm temperature / °c pH current density Dk (hang plating) (roll plating) (hang plating) (roll plating) 4 zinc-nickel alloy coating properties study coating appearance. The coating is bright silver white and can have white, five-color, black passivation film. 85, through the steel ball friction polishing test (suitable for thin coating), scribing cross-hatch test, bending test, tensile test, the coating has no peeling, peeling phenomenon. Coating thickness. The thickness of the coating has a significant effect on the corrosion resistance. The thickness of the coating is generally 5~ the hardness of the coating according to the size and corrosion resistance of the fastener. The Vickers hardness of zinc-nickel alloy coatings with different nickel contents was measured by M-type micro hardness tester. The results are shown in Table 2. It is found that the hardness of zinc-nickel alloy coating is higher than that of galvanizing, and zinc with different nickel content in Table 2 Nickel alloy coating hardness coating nickel content /% coating hardness / HV coating nickel content and passivability. The zinc-nickel alloy coatings studied in this process were simultaneously measured by S250Mk3 scanning electron microscope, chemical gravimetric method and spectrophotometric colorimetric method. The measurement results of the same batch of samples were basically the same. The coatings with different zinc-nickel contents are controlled according to different corrosion resistance and passivation color requirements. The coating is resistant to thermal shock. The zinc-nickel alloy coating sample is heated to a set temperature in an oven, and immediately immersed in room temperature water for chilling after taking out, and the coating is not pelt, non-bubble, or detached, and the thermal shock of the zinc-nickel alloy coating is investigated. performance. Test results Zinc-nickel alloy coating has a thermal shock resistance temperature of up to 250, and the sample shows bubbling and peeling, but the sample still has no bubbling or peeling when slowly cooling. Zinc-nickel alloy coating corrosion resistance. Zinc-nickel alloy coating provides cathodic protection for fasteners and has excellent corrosion resistance. The coating of zinc-nickel alloy and the like was subjected to weak polarization to measure the corrosion current density in a 5% NaCl solution, and a neutral salt spray was used. The test confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the zinc-nickel alloy coating is related to the nickel content of the coating, and the corrosion resistance of the Zn-Zn-nickel alloy coating is the best. The equipment used in the test was CMB-1510B instantaneous corrosion rate measuring instrument and DF-27 type multi-purpose corrosion test box. Table 3 Corrosion current and neutral salt spray test results of different nickel content coatings Plating type Coating thickness / L Passivation film Corrosion current density Neutral salt spray Red rust time / h Electroplating Zn color blunt hot dip Zn color blunt zinc nickel alloy Plating, hot dip galvanic corrosion current density as a function of time 1 a hot-dip galvanizing in brine; 2 - hot-dip galvanizing in tap water; 3 - zinc-nickel alloy in brine; 4 - zinc-nickel alloy in tap water. On-site hanging test at the Sanhejian Coal Mine of Xuzhou Mining Bureau and Yaoqiao Coal Mine of Datun Coal and Electricity Company has achieved good results. Has been successfully applied to Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Gansu, Hebei, Jiangsu and other mines of various standard fasteners, U-bolts, washers, anchors, node clips, etc. more than 150 tons of electroplated zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion, use 3 ~ 4 years of good results, no rust. In addition, zinc-nickel alloy coatings have also been applied in automotive fasteners, guardrails, household appliances and electronic control equipment. The corrosion current density of the 6-zinc-nickel alloy coating in the medium is much lower than that of the electro-galvanized layer and the hot-dip galvanized layer, and the corrosion-resistant life is long. The high corrosion-resistant zinc-nickel alloy coating with low corrosion rate will be the development direction of long-term corrosion protection of steel parts with anodic coating. Its development trend is to replace electroplating zinc, hot dip galvanizing and cadmium plating. In the mine environment and other industrial environments, zinc-nickel alloy coating is the preferred method for long-term corrosion protection of fasteners.

On the afternoon of April 5, the new high-performance rare-earth nickel-chromium alloy powder material successfully developed in Gansu Province passed the provincial-level new product appraisal hosted by the Provincial Industry and Information Technology Commission. After scientific and technological innovation, this scientific research has filled the domestic gap. The new alloy powder material developed by Lanzhou Polytechnic Alloy Powder Co., Ltd. is a new type of high-performance rare earth nickel-chromium alloy powder material sprayed on the surface of mechanical equipment parts. Under the premise of keeping the production cost basically unchanged, the mechanical equipment The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of components are greatly improved, and the service life of equipment and components is extended by 3-4 times. At the same time, by spraying this new material through surface technology, it is also possible to repair worn and corroded parts and improve machinery. Equipment efficiency and service life. This new type of alloy powder material is mainly used for surface treatment of wear-resistant parts of mechanical equipment in petroleum, chemical, valve, internal combustion engine valves, electric power, metallurgy, nuclear power and other industries.

Many titanium-aluminum alloy aviation and automotive engine parts are molded using precision casting technology. Heat treatment is one of the key technologies to improve the microstructure of cast titanium aluminum alloy. The original as-cast microstructure of cast titanium aluminum alloy is generally γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al layer structure. The lamellae are coarse and the distribution of the lamella size and orientation is not uniform. The high-temperature heat treatment in the alpha single-phase zone can achieve homogenization of its structure. However, due to the coarseness of the original structure and the difficulty in controlling the growth of the α-phase grains at high temperatures, the fully-laminated fully-titanium-aluminum (FL) laminates usually still have thick lamellar groups. In order to improve the room-temperature tensile plasticity of cast titanium aluminum alloy, a thin full-thickness microstructure of cast titanium alloy was successfully obtained through a multiple heat treatment process [5,6]. The process includes homogenization of 1 alpha single phase zone, thermal cycling from 2900 to 1150 °C, isothermal treatment at 31150 °C, and 4 reheating to a short time isothermal treatment slightly above the temperature of Τα. However, this heat treatment process is more complicated and the processing cycle is longer, which is not conducive to engineering applications. In this paper, the heat treatment process of nickel-microalloyed cast Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr (atomic percent, the same below) alloys was studied, and the micro-alloying of nickel simplified the homogenization and refinement of the cast titanium-aluminum alloy. The mechanism of the heat treatment process and the mechanism of the formation of fine full-thickness titanium-aluminum alloy sheets were analyzed and discussed. 1 The test material is nickel-containing (0.2-0.5)% (atomic percent, the same below) cast TiAl alloy Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr (%), smelted using a cold crucible vacuum induction furnace, remelted 3 After pouring into a copper mold, an ingot of φ40 mm was obtained. The 30° heat-treated specimen was cut from the ingot by a wire cutting method. The heat treatment test was performed under a vacuum of 0.133 Pa. The heat treatment system of equiaxed near gamma-NG and fine fully lamellar-FFL was obtained with reference to a cast Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr alloy [5,6]. The time is taken as 1150° C.×(48-168) h and 1370° C.×(5-10 min), respectively. Tissue observations were performed under ordinary optics and light microscopes with polarized light. The metallurgical sample was etched with (volume percentage) 1% HF+10% HNO3 + 89% H2O solution. 2 Observe that the (99.8~99.5)%(Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr)+(0.2~0.5)% Ni alloy is a fully-ply full-grained structure with a certain preferred orientation. About 500 to 1500 μm. After the 1150°C×72h of the alloy, the obvious continuous segmental coarsening phenomenon occurred. After 144 hours of isothermal treatment, the original coarse and inhomogeneous as-cast microstructure was transformed into a small, almost uniform, isometric NG structure. Its average grain size is about 30 μm. (99.8~99.5)(Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr)-(0.2~0.5)Ni(%) alloy original as-cast microstructure Casting (99.8~99.5)(Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr)-(0.2~0.5)Ni(%) alloys were isothermally treated at 1150°C for 72h isothermal, and the layers were continuously sectioned for 144h isothermal. Comprehensive isometric organization. Studies have found that nickel has the role of expanding the γ single-phase region of titanium alloy, adding (atomic fraction) more than 0.5% of nickel can make Ti-48Al alloy into a single-phase γ structure. Observed by rotating the stage 360° under a 100x polarized light microscope, a small amount of equiaxed α2 grains in the NG structure obtained in this study appeared obvious 4 bright extinction phenomena. Qualitative observations of the NG microstructure without nickel-titanium-aluminum alloy obtained from the literature show that the amount of α2 phase in the nickel-containing alloy NG is significantly less. Therefore, qualitatively speaking, the addition of 0.2% to 0.5% of nickel can increase the driving force for α2 (or α)→γ phase transformation of titanium aluminum alloy at 1150°C, which increases the enhancement of the energy fluctuation in the lamellar structure. It promotes the occurrence of discontinuity caused by the layer disturbance in the ply structure. These relatively large amounts of time produce a greater number of in-slice endpoints that effectively promote segmented continuous roughening of the lamellae, thereby allowing nickel-containing titanium aluminum alloys to be homogenized in a relatively simple heat treatment process. Refinement. The experiment found that the titanium alloy thin-layer full-thickness sheet has the best comprehensive mechanical properties. Therefore, the obtained NG structure was reheated to 1370°C for 5 to 10 minutes and then cooled to obtain a fine equiaxed full-layer sheet structure (). The average size of the laminations was about 50 μm, slightly smaller than that of the cast Ti-46.5. Al-2.5V-1.0Cr alloy obtained in the same process FFL tissue layer sheet. According to the fact that the layer group is equiaxed and slightly larger than the γ grain size of the matrix NG structure, the formation mechanism of the FLI structure of the nickel-containing cast titanium aluminum alloy is different from that of the titanium-aluminum alloy FFL structure without nickel. High-temperature α-equiaxed grains are formed on the γ-phase matrix and grow slightly. Then they are cooled during the cooling process to the α + γ phase, and the γ-phase precipitates in the α-grain. A gamma/alpha lamellar structure is formed and then converted to a gamma/alpha2 lamellar structure during cooling to room temperature. Cast (99.8 ~ 99.5) (Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr)-(0.2 ~ 0.5) Ni (%) alloy fine full-layer sheet microstructure morphology. in conclusion (1) Casting Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr alloy containing 0.2% to 0.5% (atomic fraction) of nickel can be treated by a simpler 1150°C×144h isothermal treatment to make the as-cast coarse non-uniform lamellar structure. Turns into a fine, uniform, equiaxed near gamma organization. (2) The obtained near gamma structure was reheated to 1370°C for 5 to 10 minutes and then cooled to obtain fine equiaxed full-ply sheet structures.

The more common chemical method is soaking in nitric acid with a volume fraction of 50%. This method should pay attention to the enhanced monitoring of surface corrosion during later use. It has been reported that the following electrolysis removal methods are used: in a solution containing sulfuric acid (density = 1.84 g/cm3) 1070 to 1200 g/L, glycerol 8 to 10 g/L, the anode current density is 5 to 10 A/dm2, and the voltage is 12 V. The cathode uses a lead plate and it is removed at room temperature.

WASHINGTON - US President Barack Obama said Thursday he and President-elect Donald Trump had a wide-ranging conversation during their first post-election meeting at the White House. "My number one priority in the coming two months is to try to facilitate a transition that ensures that our president-elect is successful," Obama said, adding that if Trump succeeds, "then the country succeeds." In light of the deep rift among the US society that became evident during the election, Obama said "it is important for all of us, regardless of party, regardless of political preferences, to now come together to deal with many of the challenges we face." For his part, Trump said "A lot of different situations" were discussed during the one-and-half-hour meeting, which was much longer than expected. Trump also expressed the eagerness to work with the government and Obama in the future. The meeting was the first such event held between Obama and Trump since the former real estate billionaire was elected president on Wednesday. Obama has said Wednesday during a speech acknowledging the election result that despite of the differences between him and Trump, it's paramount to make sure the transition was peaceful. The incoming first lady and vice president also accompanied Trump to the White House and held meetings with their counterparts respectively. According to a statement released by the White House Thursday, the president's team had started preparing since early 2016 to facilitate a smooth transition.

Preview:This year In July and August, Surprisingly,the steel prices rose sharply against the market trend, While during the expect-able market of "golden nine silver ten",the Nickel Alloy price dropped constantly in September,High production season while low reward the phenomenon renewed again.For October which just past a long holiday, steel prices may fall after the first rise. Limits on Steel Production in Tangshan Rose Again The National Day in China has just passed,the market performance is relatively low, Limits on Steel Production re-entry in Tangshan steel market. Tangshan Was forced to conduct environmental improvements from 10 October to 20 October,specific requirements are listed below: Those Iron and steel enterprises which have not passed sintering tests have to reduce50% production of steel.Those enterprises who has passed can produce normally, while the pollutant in no way could exceed the pouring standards; Steel rolling enterprises those have not completed the transformation of coal gas must stop producing, those have can produce as usual. Although there are many uncertainties in the specific measures linked to limit production, but the market sentiment in depression for a long time be pulled up again.Steel trade company has the ambition and the manufacturer have taken advantage of the very moment, the active will in exploring lifting is also rose. Inventory pressure is as usual Because early in this year,the Inconel 600 rebounded sharply, profits of the steel manufacturer improved significantly, many steel mills refreshed by the profits,the yield is also high. At the same time, the social inventory pressure continues, by the end of September, researched sample inventory continuously increased to 9.769million tons and steel stocks rose to 6.087million tons, although the data is dropped compared to this last year, but it is still close to the level of the same period last year, to stock market at this time,the pressure is increased. Steel prices may fall after the first rise in October As for the market performance in October,the price of Nickel Alloy 800 could be still excepted.But the prospect is uncertain,because the market performance under the "golden nine silver ten" is already seen by us.In October,the steel price may rebound in some time due to the restriction in production in Tangshan.But the rising time could not last long while the dropping is also limited.In October the price of the steel on the whole be diverted is comparatively high.Experts recommended that the manufacturers pay more attention to the pace of exporting.